STORY "THE 4 WIVES"

STORY

“The 4 Wives”

There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.

He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He's very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.

He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant's confidante. Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.

Now, the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.

One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, "Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I'll be alone. How lonely I'll be!"

Thus, he asked the 4th wife, "I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No way!" replied the 4th wife and she walked away without another word.

The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant's heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, "I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No!" replied the 3rd wife. "Life is so good over here! I'm going to remarry when you die!" The merchant's heart sank and turned cold.

He then asked the 2nd wife, "I always turned to you for help and you've always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?" "I'm sorry, I can't help you out this time!" replied the 2nd wife. "At the very most, I can only send you to your grave." The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.

Then a voice called out : "I'll leave with you. I'll follow you no matter where you go." The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved, the merchant said, "I should have taken much better care of you while I could have !"

Actually, we all have 4 wives in our lives

a. The 4th wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish in making it look good, it'll leave us when we die.

b. Our 3rd wife ? Our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.

c. The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we're alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.

d. The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure.

ACTIVE VOICE and PASSIVE VOICE

TEORI ACTIVE DAN PASSIVE VOICE 

Dalam pelajaran terdahulu sampai pelajaran ini kita sering membicarakan tentang kata bantu to be (is, am, are), Must, can. Sekarang kita masih mempermasalahkan kata bantu itu terutama dalam pembentukan kalimat pasif. Sebelum kita melanjutkan bagaimana untuk membentuk kalimat pasif tersebut ada baiknya kita mengetahui kalimat berikut:
a. Saya memanggil = I am calling
b. Saya di pangil = I am called
Dalam kalimat 1, kita melihat awalan me- dan kalimat 2, kita melihat awalan di- dalam bahasa Indonesia. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, awalan me- dan ber – disebut aktif dan awalan di- dan ter- disebut pasif. Demikian juga dalam bahasa inggris, I am calling disebut aktif dan I am called disebut pasif.
Diamana letak perbedaannya?
Letak perbedaannya hanya dalam kata kerjanya.
• Kata kerja yang ditambah ing- adalah aktif.
• Kata kerja bentuk ketiga atau past participle adalah pasif.
Cara membentuk kalimat pasif dari aktif:

1. Pokok kalimat didalam kalimat aktif menjadi penderita didalam pasif, dan sebaliknya didalam kalimat aktif menjadi pokok didalam pasif.
2. Rumus: to be + past participle.
3. Perubahan tense (waktu) seperti dalam aktif.

Contoh:
Aktif : I write a letter.
Pasif : A letter is written by me.
Aktif : He hated me.
Pasif : I was hated by him
.
1. Ingat kembali pasangan-pasangan kata bantu to be (is, am, are) dengan pokok kalimat. Dan juga perubahan pokok kalimat menjadi subjek, misalnya I menjadi me, he menjadi him.
2. Ingat kembali perubahan kata kerja beraturan dan kata kerja tak beraturan, misalnya: to hate - hated; to write – wrote – wrriten.
3. Ingat kembali bentuk tunggal dan jamak dari kata benda atau kata ganti orang. Kalau tidak, anda akan mengalami kesulitan dalam penempatan to be (is, am, are) dan was, were.

Kalimat Aktif dan Kalimat Pasif

Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal), aktif dan pasif.

1) Bentuk aktif adalah orang, binatang, atau benda yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek dikatakan

melakukan sesuatu pada yang lain.
Contoh: Roy killed a tiger.

2) Bentuk pasif adalah orang, binatang atau benda dikatakan menderita sesuatu dari sesuatu yang lain.

Contoh: A tiger was killed by Karim.
Bentuk pasif :
To Be + Past Participle
Aturan-aturan :

a) Kata kerja transitif tidak digunakan dalam bentuk pasif, kecuali kalau kata kerja itu menggunakan cognate object dalam bentuk aktif.

Aktif : She sang a fine song. Ia menyanyikan sebuah nyanyian yang merdu
Pasif : A fine song was sung by her. Sebuah nyanyian yang merdu dinyanyikan olehnya

b) Bilamana kalimat diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, objek untuk kata kerja aktif menjadi subjek untuk kalimat kerja pasif.

objek untuk kata kerja aktif :

Aktif: Linda can make tarts. Linda dapat membuat kue tart
Subjek untuk kata kerja pasif :
Pasif: Tarts can be made by Linda

c) Retained object (objek yang tetap dipakai/dipertahankan dalam pasif)

Dua buah objek dalam kalimat aktif, ketika diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, masih tetap ada sebuah objek dipertahankan, objek ini dinamakan retained object. Objek ini mungkin objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif atau objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif.

Objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif

We gave him a prize A prize was given him by us
Objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif

Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize He was given a prize by us

Berikut contoh-contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses :

1) Simple present
 

Aktif

1. John bites Mary
2. John doesn’t bite Mary
3. Does John bite Mary?
4. What does John do?
5. Who bites Mary?
6. Who does John bite?

Pasif
1. Mary is bitten by John
2. Mary isn’t bitten by John
3. Is Mary bitten by John?
4. What is done by John?
5. Who is Mary bitten by?
6. Who is bitten by John?

2) Simple continuous

Aktif

1. John is biting Mary
2. John isn’t biting Mary
3. Is John biting Mary?
4. What is John doing?
5. Who is biting Mary?
6. Who is John biting?

Pasif
1. Mary is being bitten by John
2. Mary isn’t being bitten by John
3. Is Mary being bitten by John?
4. What is being done by John?
5. Who is Mary being bitten by?
6. Who is being bitten by John?

3) Present perfect

Aktif

1. John hasn’t bitten Mary
2. Has John bitten Mary?
3. What has John done?
4. Who has bitten Mary?
5. Who has John bitten?

Pasif
1. Mary has been bitten by John
2. Mary hasn’t been bitten by John
3. Has Mary been bitten by John?
4. What has been done by John?
5. Who has been bitten by John?

4) Present perfect continuous

Aktif
1. John has been biting Mary
2. John hasn’t been biting Mary
3. Has John been biting Mary?
4. What has John been doing?
5. Who has been biting Mary?
6. Who has John been biting?

Pasif
1. Mary has been being bitten by John
2. Mary hasn’t been being bitten by John
3. Has Mary been being bitten by John?
4. What has been being done by John?
5. Who has Mary been being bitten by?
6. Who has been being bitten by John?

5) Simple past

Aktif
1. John bit Mary
2. John didn’t bite Mary
3. Did John bite Mary?
4. What did John do?
5. Who bit Mary?
6. Who did John bite?

Pasif
1. Mary was bitten by John
2. Mary wasn’t bitten by John
3. Was Mary bitten by John?
4. What was done by John?
5. Who was Mary bitten by?
6. Who was bitten by John?

6) Past continuous

Aktif
1. John was biting Mary
2. John wasn’t biting Mary
3. Was John biting Mary?
4. What was John doing?
5. Who was biting Mary?
6. Who was John biting?

Pasif
1. Mary was being bitten by John
2. Mary wasn’t being bitten by John
3. Was Mary being bitten by John?
4. What was being done by John?
5. Who was Mary being bitten by?
6. Who was being bitten by John?

7) Past perfect

Aktif
1. John had bitten Mary
2. John hadn’t bitten Mary
3. Had John bitten Mary?
4. What had John done?
5. Who had bitten Mary?
6. Who had John bitten?

Pasif
1. Mary had been bitten by John
2. Mary hadn’t been bitten by John
3. Had Mary been bitten by John?
4. What had been done by John?
5. Who had Mary been bitten by?
6. Who had been bitten by John?




8)Past perfect continuous

Aktif
1. John had been biting Mary
2. John hadn’t been biting Mary
3. Had John been biting Mary?
4. What had John been doing?
5. Who had been biting Mary?
6. Who had John been biting?

Pasif
1. Mary had been being bitten by John
2. Mary hadn’t been being bitten by John
3. Had Mary been being bitten by John?
4. What had been being done by John?
5. Who had Mary been being bitten by?
6. Who had been being bitten by John?

9) Future

Aktif
1. John will bite Mary
2. John won’t bite Mary
3. Will John bite Mary?
4. What will John do?
5. Who will bite Mary?
6. Who will John bite?

Pasif
1. Mary will be bitten by John
2. Mary won’t be bitten by John
3. Will Mary be bitten by John?
4. What will be done by John?
5. Who will Mary be bitten by?
6. Who will be bitten by John?

10) Future continuous

Aktif
1. John will be biting Mary
2. John won’t be biting Mary
3. Will John be biting Mary?
4. What will John be doing?
5. Who will be biting Mary?
6. Who will John be biting?

Pasif
1. Mary will be being bitten by John
2. Mary won’t be being bitten by John
3. Will Mary be being bitten by John?
4. What will be being done by John?
5. Who will Mary be being bitten by?
6. Who will be being bitten by John?

11) Future perfect

Aktif
1. John will have bitten Mary
2. John won’t have bitten Mary
3. Will John have bitten Mary?
4. What will John have done?
5. Who will have bitten Mary?
6. Who will John have bitten?

Pasif
1. Mary will have been bitten by John
2. Mary won’t have been bitten by John
3. Will Mary have been bitten by John?
4. What will have been done by John?
5. Who will Mary have been bitten by?
6. Who will have been bitten by John?

12) Future perfect continuous

Aktif
1. John will have been biting Mary
2. John won’t have been biting Mary
3. Will John have been biting Mary?
4. What will John have been doing?
5. Who will have been biting Mary?
6. Who will John have been biting?

Pasif
1. Mary will have been being bitten by John
2. Mary won’t have been being bitten by John
3. Will Mary have been being bitten by John?
4. What will have been being done by John?
5. Who will Mary have been being bitten by?
6. Who will have been being bitten by John?

ARTIKEL ACTIVE DAN PASSIVE VOICE

             Clipper ships were the swiftest sailing ships that were ever put to sea and the most beautiful. These ships had their days of glory in the 1840s and 1850s. The first were built in baltomore, but most were constructed in the shipyards of New England. It was Chinese tea that brought them into existance. Tea loses its flavor quickly when stored in the hold of a bessel, and merchants were willing to pay top price for fast delivery. American shipbuilders designed clippers to fill this need. Then came the California Gold Rush of 1849, when Clippers took gold seekers from the East Coast to the West by way of Cape Horn.
             Clippers were built for speed, and consideration of large carrying capacity and economical operation were sacrified for this purpose. They had long, slender hulls with sharp bows. Their three slanted masts carried a huge cloud of canvas sail, including topgallants and royal sails, and sometimes skysails and moonrakers, to capture the power of the winds. They required a hard driving captain and a large, experienced crew.
             Many records were set by clippers. Sovereign of the seas made it from San fransisco to New York in eighty two days. Flying Cloud did 374 miles in one day. Lightning traveled from New York to Liverpool in thirteen days, and ino made it from New york to Singapore in eighty six days.
             Some 500 clippers were built in American shipyards. British yards turned out some twenty seven tea clippers as the British ships were called. Unlike the wooden American ships, British clippers were ”composite” with iron frames and wooden planking. The most famous tea clipper was the cutty sark.
             In 1860, the age of the clippers was fading. Gold diggings in California were nearly exhausted. American investors found railroad building more profitable than clippers. More importanly, there was a technologi innovation that doomed the clipper, and in fact, the entire age of sail : the development of the steamship.